Iyini i-CPSC?

I-CPSC (Ikhomishini Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi) iyisikhungo esibalulekile sokuvikela abathengi e-United States, esibophezelekile ukuvikela ukuphepha kwabathengi abasebenzisa imikhiqizo yabathengi. Isitifiketi se-CPSC sisho imikhiqizo ehlangabezana namazinga okuphepha abekwe Ikhomishini Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi futhi egunyazwe yiyo. Inhloso eyinhloko yesitifiketi se-CPSC iwukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yabathengi ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha ekwakhiweni, ekukhiqizeni, ekungeniseni, ekupakishweni nasekuthengisweni, kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi bokuphepha ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwabathengi.

1. Isizinda kanye nokubaluleka kwesitifiketi se-CPSC
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yabathengi ihlale ivela, futhi abathengi babhekene nezingozi zokuphepha ezingaba khona lapho besebenzisa le mikhiqizo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwemikhiqizo yabathengi, uhulumeni wase-US usungule i-Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) ngo-1972, enesibopho sokuqondisa ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yabathengi. Isitifiketi se-CPSC siyindlela ephumelelayo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezifanele ngaphambi kokufakwa emakethe, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise ubungozi bokulimala ngengozi kubathengi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.

2. Ububanzi nokuqukethwe kwesitifiketi se-CPSC
Ububanzi besitifiketi se-CPSC bubanzi kakhulu, buhlanganisa imikhakha eminingi yomkhiqizo wabathengi, njengemikhiqizo yezingane, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, okokusebenza kwe-elekthronikhi, amathoyizi, izindwangu, ifenisha, izinto zokwakha, njll. Ngokukhethekile, isitifiketi se-CPSC sibandakanya ikakhulukazi izici ezilandelayo:
①Amazinga okuphepha: I-CPSC yakhe uchungechunge lwamazinga okuphepha futhi idinga izinkampani ukuthi zilandele lawa mazinga lapho zikhiqiza futhi zithengisa imikhiqizo. Izinkampani kumele zizihlole ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo ngeke idale umonakalo kubathengi ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi okubonakalayo.
②Inqubo yesitifiketi: Isitifiketi se-CPSC sihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlola umkhiqizo, futhi inkampani idinga ukuthumela umkhiqizo elabhorethri yenkampani yangaphandle egunyazwe yi-CPSC ukuze ihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezifanele; isinyathelo sesibili ukuhlola inqubo yokukhiqiza. I-CPSC izobuyekeza izindawo zokukhiqiza zenkampani, uhlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi, njll. ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusimama kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
③Ukukhunjulwa komkhiqizo: I-CPSC idinga izinkampani ukuthi zilandelele imikhiqizo eziyikhiqizayo. Uma umkhiqizo usutholakele unezingozi zokuphepha, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokuwukhumbula. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-CPSC izophinde yenze ukuhlaziya okuphenyayo emikhiqizweni ebuyiselwe emuva ukuze iqhubeke nokwenza ngcono amazinga okuphepha kanye nezidingo zesitifiketi.
④Ukuthobela nokuphoqelela: I-CPSC yenza ukuhlola okukhona emikhiqizweni ethengiswa emakethe ukuze ihlole ukuthi iyathobelana namazinga okuphepha nezimfuneko zesitifiketi. Ngemikhiqizo engathobeli imithetho, i-CPSC izothatha izinyathelo zokuphoqelela ezihambisanayo, njengezixwayiso, izinhlawulo, ukushaqwa komkhiqizo, njll.

3. Ilabhorethri yokuhlola egunyaziwe ye-CPSC
Into ebaluleke kakhulu yokuqondisa yesitifiketi se-CPSC imikhiqizo yezingane, efana namathoyizi, izingubo zokugqoka kanye nezidingo zansuku zonke, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa nezimfuneko zokusebenza (i-flame retardant), amakhemikhali ayingozi, ukusebenza komshini nokomzimba, njll. Izinto zokuhlola ze-CPSC ezivamile:
①Ukuhlola ngokomzimba: okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwemiphetho ecijile, izingxenye eziphumile, izingxenye ezigxilile, njll. ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azikho izingxenye ezicijile noma eziphumela ngaphandle zethoyizi ezingase zidale ukulimala ezinganeni;
②Ukuhlolwa kokuvutha: Hlola ukusebenza okushisayo kwethoyizi eduze komthombo womlilo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ithoyizi ngeke libangele umlilo onzima ngenxa yomthombo womlilo lapho lisetshenziswa;
③Ukuhlolwa kobuthi: Hlola ukuthi ingabe izinto zokudlala ziqukethe amakhemikhali ayingozi, njengomthofu, ama-phthalates, njll., ukuze uqinisekise impilo nokuphepha kwamathoyizi ezingane.

4. Umthelela wesitifiketi se-CPSC
①Isiqinisekiso sokuphepha komkhiqizo: Isitifiketi se-CPSC sihlose ukuvikela abathengi ekulimaleni okudalwe ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo engaphephile. Ngezinqubo zokuhlola nokucwaningwa kwamabhuku, isitifiketi se-CPSC siqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zokuphepha, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ubungozi bezingozi nokulimala ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo. Imikhiqizo ethola isitifiketi se-CPSC ingakhuphula ukuchayeka okusha kwabathengi kumkhiqizo, ibenze bazimisele kakhulu ukuthenga nokusebenzisa le mikhiqizo.
②Ipasi lokungena emakethe yase-US: Isitifiketi se-CPSC singesinye sezimo ezibalulekile zokufinyelela zokungena emakethe yase-US. Lapho uthengisa futhi usabalalisa imikhiqizo e-United States, ukuthobelana nezimfuneko zesitifiketi se-CPSC kungagwema izinkinga zomthetho nezokulawula futhi kuqinisekise ukubambisana okushelelayo phakathi kwamabhizinisi nozakwethu abafana nabathengisi nabasabalalisi. Ngaphandle kwesitifiketi se-CPSC, imikhiqizo izobhekana nezingozi ezifana nokuvinjelwa kwemakethe, ukukhumbula, nezikweletu ezingokomthetho, ezizothinta kakhulu ukukhula kwemakethe yenkampani nokusebenza kokuthengisa.
③Ukuthembeka kwebhizinisi nesithunzi: Isitifiketi se-CPSC wukubona okubalulekile kwezinkampani ngokwekhwalithi nokuphepha komkhiqizo. Ukuthola isitifiketi se-CPSC kufakazela ukuthi inkampani inamandla okulawula nokuphatha ngokuqinile ukuphepha komkhiqizo, futhi kukhombisa ukuthi inaka izintshisekelo zabathengi kanye nezibopho zomphakathi. Kuyasiza ukuthuthukisa isithunzi nokuthembeka kwenkampani, ukusungula izinzuzo ezihlukene emakethe eqhudelana kakhulu, futhi kuhehe abathengi abaningi ukuthi bakhethe futhi bathembe imikhiqizo yenkampani.
④Ukuthuthukiswa kokuncintisana kwemakethe: Ukuthola isitifiketi se-CPSC kungathuthukisa ukuncintisana kwemakethe kwamabhizinisi. Ubukhona bezimpawu zesitifiketi bungasetshenziswa njengethuluzi elinamandla lokukhangisa nelokuthengisa lekhwalithi nokuphepha komkhiqizo, kuhehe abathengi abaningi ukuthi bakhethe imikhiqizo yenkampani. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimbangi ezingaqinisekisiwe, izinkampani ezinezitifiketi ze-CPSC zinenzuzo yokuncintisana futhi maningi amathuba okuthi zithole umusa wabathengi kanye nesabelo semakethe.