Ithini incwadi yesikweletu?

Incwadi yesikweletu isho isitifiketi esibhaliwe esikhishwe ibhange sisiya kumthumeli (umdayisi) ngesicelo somthengi (umthengi) ukuze aqinisekise ukukhokhwa kwempahla. Encwadini yesikweletu, ibhange ligunyaza umthumeli wempahla ukuthi akhiphe isikweletu sokushintshisana esingeqi inani elishiwo nebhange eliphambukisiwe noma ibhange eliqokiwe njengomkhokhi ngaphansi kwemibandela eshiwo encwadini yesikweletu, futhi anamathisele imibhalo yokuthumela njengoba kudingekile, futhi akhokhele endaweni ebekiwe ngesikhathi Thola izimpahla.

Inqubo evamile yokukhokha ngencwadi yesikweletu yile:

1. Zombili izinhlangothi zokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kufanele zisho ngokucacile kunkontileka yokuthengisa ukuthi inkokhelo kufanele yenziwe ngencwadi yesikweletu;
2. Umthengisi uthumela isicelo se-L/C ebhange lapho itholakala khona, agcwalise isicelo se-L/C, futhi akhokhe idiphozithi ethile ye-L/C noma anikeze ezinye iziqinisekiso, futhi acele ibhange (ibhange elikhiphayo) ukuthi likhiphe i-L/C kumthumeli ngaphandle;
3. Ibhange elikhiphayo likhipha incwadi yesikweletu kumthumeli kwamanye amazwe njengomzuzi ngokuvumelana nokuqukethwe kwesicelo, futhi lazisa umthumeli wempahla ngebhange lomenzeli walo noma ibhange elisebenzelana naye elisendaweni yomthumeli ngaphandle (ngokuhlangene okubizwa ngokuthi ibhange elilulekayo);
4. Ngemva kokuba umthengisi ehambisa izimpahla futhi ethola imibhalo yokuthumela edingwa yincwadi yesikweletu, ixoxisana nebhange lapho itholakala khona (kungaba ibhange elilulekayo noma amanye amabhange) ngokuvumelana nezinhlinzeko zencwadi yesikweletu;
5. Ngemva kokuxoxisana ngemali ebolekiwe, ibhange elixoxisanayo lizobonisa inani okufanele kuxoxiswane ngalo enkomishini yencwadi yesikweletu.

Okuqukethwe yincwadi yekhredithi:

① Incazelo yencwadi yekhredithi ngokwayo; njengohlobo lwayo, imvelo, isikhathi sokusebenza kanye nendawo yokuphelelwa yisikhathi;
②Izimfuneko zezimpahla; incazelo ngokwenkontileka
③ Umoya omubi wezokuthutha
④ Izidingo zemibhalo, okuyimibhalo yezimpahla, imibhalo yezokuthutha, imibhalo yomshwalense kanye neminye imibhalo efanele;
⑤Izidingo ezikhethekile
⑥Izincwadi zokubhala zebhange elikhipha isibopho somzuzi kanye nomphathi wohlaka lokuqinisekisa inkokhelo;
⑦ Izitifiketi eziningi zakwamanye amazwe zimakwe: “Ngaphandle kwalapho kucaciswe ngenye indlela, lesi sitifiketi siphathwa ngokuvumelana “Nemikhuba Efanayo Yemikhuba Nomkhuba Wamadokhumentari Wezikweletu” we-ICC Publication No. 600 (“ucp600″)”;
⑧Isigaba sokubuyisela se-T/T

Izimiso Ezintathu Zencwadi Yesikweletu

① Izimiso ezizimele ezingabonakali zemisebenzi ye-L/C
②Incwadi yekhredithi ihambisana ngokuqinile nomgomo
③Izimiso Ezihlukile Ekukhohliseni Kwe-L/C

Izici:

Incwadi yekhredithi inezici ezintathu:
Okokuqala, incwadi yesikweletu iyithuluzi elizimele, incwadi yesikweletu ayixhunywanga kwinkontileka yokuthengisa, futhi ibhange ligcizelela isitifiketi esibhaliwe sokuhlukaniswa kwencwadi yesikweletu kanye nokuhweba okuyisisekelo lapho uhlola imibhalo;
Okwesibili ukuthi incwadi yesikweletu iwumsebenzi wedokhumentari omsulwa, futhi incwadi yesikweletu iyinkokhelo ebhekiswe kumadokhumenti, hhayi ngaphansi kwezimpahla. Uma nje imibhalo ihambisana, ibhange elikhiphayo lizokhokha ngaphandle kwemibandela;
Okwesithathu ukuthi ibhange elikhiphayo linesibopho sezikweletu eziyinhloko zokukhokha. Incwadi yesikweletu iwuhlobo lwekhredithi yasebhange, okuyidokhumenti yesiqinisekiso sebhange. Ibhange elikhiphile linesibopho esiyinhloko sokukhokha.

Uhlobo:

1. Ngokuya ngokuthi okusalungiswa ngaphansi kwencwadi yesikweletu kuhambisana nemibhalo yokuthumela, ihlukaniswe yaba incwadi yesikweletu kanye nencwadi yesikweletu.
2. Ngokusekelwe kusibopho sebhange elikhiphayo, lingahlukaniswa libe: incwadi yesikweletu engenakuhoxiswa kanye nencwadi yesikweletu ehoxiswayo.
3. Ngokusekelwe ekutheni likhona yini elinye ibhange elizoqinisekisa inkokhelo, lingahlukaniswa libe: incwadi yesikweletu eqinisekisiwe kanye nencwadi yesikweletu engenakubuyiseka.
4. Ngokwesikhathi sokukhokha esihlukene, ingahlukaniswa ibe: incwadi yokubona yesikweletu, incwadi yokusetshenziswa kwesikweletu kanye nencwadi yesikweletu engamanga.
5. Ngokuya ngokuthi amalungelo ozuzayo encwadini yesikweletu angadluliswa yini, ingahlukaniswa ibe: incwadi yesikweletu edlulisekayo kanye nencwadi yesikweletu engadluliseki.
6. Incwadi yesigatshana esibomvu yekhredithi
7. Ngokomsebenzi wobufakazi, bungahlukaniswa ngokuthi: ifolio incwadi yekhredithi, incwadi yesikweletu ezungezayo, incwadi yekhredithi ebuyela emuva, incwadi yekhredithi engaphambili/iphakheji yencwadi yesikweletu, incwadi yesikweletu ebekwe eceleni.
8. Ngokusho kwencwadi yesikweletu ejikelezayo, ingahlukaniswa ibe: i-othomathikhi ejikelezayo, i-non-automatic revolving, i-semi-automatic revolving.