Yini i-MSDS?

I-MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) iyishidi ledatha yokuphepha kwamakhemikhali, elingahunyushwa futhi njengeshidi ledatha yokuphepha kwamakhemikhali noma ishidi ledatha yokuphepha kwamakhemikhali. Isetshenziswa abakhiqizi bamakhemikhali nabangenisa kwamanye amazwe ukuze kucaciswe izici ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali amakhemikhali (njengenani le-pH, indawo ekhanyayo, ukuvutha, ukusebenza kabusha, njll.) kanye nedokhumenti engase ibangele ukulimala empilweni yomsebenzisi (njenge-carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, njll.).
Emazweni aseYurophu, ubuchwepheshe bokuphepha okubalulekile/ishidi ledatha i-MSDS ibizwa nangokuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuphepha/ishidi ledatha i-SDS (Ishidi Ledatha Yokuphepha). I-International Standardization Organisation (ISO) isebenzisa igama elithi SDS, kodwa e-United States, Canada, Australia kanye nasemazweni amaningi ase-Asia, igama elithi MSDS liyamukelwa.
I-MSDS iwumbhalo ophelele wezomthetho ophathelene nezici zamakhemikhali ezinikezwa amakhasimende akhiqiza amakhemikhali noma amabhizinisi okuthengisa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zomthetho. Ihlinzeka ngezinto eziyi-16 okuhlanganisa nemingcele ebonakalayo namakhemikhali, izakhiwo eziqhumayo, izingozi zezempilo, ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokugcinwa, ukulahlwa kokuvuza, izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala kanye nemithetho efanele nemithethonqubo yamakhemikhali. I-MSDS ingabhalwa umenzi ngokuhambisana nemithetho efanele. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokumiswa kombiko, kungenzeka ukufaka isicelo enhlanganweni yobungcweti ukuze uhlanganiswe.

 Inhloso ye-MSDS

①E-China: Ebhizinisini lasekhaya lokuthekelisa komoya nolwandle, inkampani ngayinye yezindiza nemikhumbi inemithetho ehlukile. Eminye imikhiqizo ingahlelelwa ezokuthutha komoya nolwandle ngokusekelwe olwazini olubikwe yi-MSDS, kodwa ezinye izinkampani zemikhumbi nezindiza kufanele zihambisane ne-"IMDG", "IATA "Imithetho yokuhlela izinto zokuhamba emoyeni nolwandle, ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngemibiko ye-MSDS, kuyadingeka futhi ukunikeza imibiko yokuhlonza izinto zokuhamba ngesikhathi esifanayo.
②Phesheya kwezilwandle: Uma izimpahla zithunyelwa eShayina zisuka kwamanye amazwe, umbiko we-MSDS uyisisekelo sokuhlola ukuthuthwa kwalo mkhiqizo kwamanye amazwe. I-MSDS ingasisiza sazi ukuthi ingabe umkhiqizo ongenisiwe uhlukaniswa njengezimpahla eziyingozi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile njengedokhumenti yokukhishwa kwempahla.
Ekuthuthweni kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi, umbiko we-MSDS ufana nepasipoti, ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kwamazwe amaningi.
Noma ngabe uhwebo lwasekhaya noma uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni, umthengisi kufanele anikeze imibhalo yezomthetho echaza umkhiqizo. Ngenxa yemibhalo ehlukene yomthetho emayelana nokuphathwa kwamakhemikhali nohwebo emazweni ahlukene ngisho nasezifundeni zase-United States, eminye yayo iyashintsha nyanga zonke. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ufake isicelo enhlanganweni yochwepheshe ukuze ulungiselele. Uma i-MSDS enikeziwe ingalungile noma ulwazi lungaphelele, uzobhekana nesibopho somthetho.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-MSDS ne-Izimpahla Zomoya umbiko wokulinganisa:

I-MSDS akuwona umbiko wokuhlolwa noma umbiko wokuhlonza, futhi ayiwona iphrojekthi yesitifiketi, kodwa imininingwane yobuchwepheshe, njengokuthi “Umbiko Wokuhlonza Isimo Sesimo Sezindiza” (umazisi wezokuthutha zasemoyeni) uhluke kakhulu.
①Abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukuluka i-MSDS ngokwabo ngokusho kolwazi lomkhiqizo kanye nemithetho efanele neziqondiso. Uma umenzi engenalo ithalente nekhono kule ndawo, angaphathisa inkampani yochwepheshe ukuthi ilungiselele; futhi ukuhlolwa kwezimpahla zomoya kufanele kukhishwe inkampani yokuhlola evunywe yi-Civil Aviation Administration.
②I-MSDS eyodwa ihambisana nomkhiqizo owodwa, futhi asikho isikhathi sokuqinisekisa. Uma nje ingalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo, le-MSDS ingasetshenziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngaphandle uma imithetho neziqondiso zishintsha, noma kutholwa izingozi ezintsha zomkhiqizo, idinga ukuba ihambisane nemithetho emisha noma Izingozi ezintsha zihlelwa kabusha; futhi ukuhlonza ezokuthutha zasemoyeni kunesikhathi sokuqinisekisa, futhi ngokuvamile akukwazi ukusetshenziswa phakathi neminyaka.

Ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngemikhiqizo evamile kanye nemikhiqizo yebhethri ye-lithium:
①I-MSDS yemikhiqizo evamile: isikhathi sokuqinisekisa sihlobene nemithethonqubo, inqobo nje uma imithethonqubo ihlala ingashintshiwe, lo mbiko we-MSDS ungasetshenziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi;
②Imikhiqizo yebhethri ye-lithium: Umbiko we-MSDS wemikhiqizo yebhethri ye-lithium ungomhla zingama-31 kuZibandlela wonyaka
Ukuhlolwa kwezimpahla zomoya ngokuvamile kungakhishwa kuphela izinkampani eziqeqeshiwe eziqashelwa abaphathi bezindiza zezwe, futhi ngokuvamile kudingeka zithumele amasampula embikweni wokuhlolwa ukuze zihlolwe ngochwepheshe, bese zikhipha umbiko wokuhlaziya. Isikhathi sokufaneleka sombiko wokuhlola sivame ukusetshenziswa kulo nyaka, futhi ngemva konyaka omusha, ngokuvamile sidinga ukwenziwa futhi.