Yiziphi izinhlobo zezincwadi zezikweletu?

1. Umfakisicelo
Umuntu ofaka isicelo ebhange sokukhishwa kwencwadi yesikweletu, eyaziwa nangokuthi ngumkhiphi encwadini yesikweletu;
Izibopho:
① Khipha isitifiketi ngokuya ngenkontileka
②Khokha idiphozi elinganiselwe ebhange
③Khokha i-oda lokuhlenga ngesikhathi
Amalungelo:
①Ukuhlola, i-oda lokuhlengwa
②Ukuhlolwa, ukubuyisela (konke kusekelwe encwadini yekhredithi)
Qaphela:
① Isicelo sokukhishwa sinezingxenye ezimbili, okuyisicelo sokukhishwa yibhange elikhiphile kanye nesitatimende nesiqiniseko sebhange elisikhiphile.
②Isimemezelo sokuthi ubunikazi bezimpahla ngaphambi kokukhokhwa kwenothi lokuhlengwa okwebhange.
③Ibhange elikhiphayo kanye nebhange lomenzeli walo banesibopho sobuso bedokhumenti kuphela. Isibopho sokuthobela
④Ibhange elikhiphayo alinasibopho samaphutha ekulethweni kwamadokhumenti
⑤Awunasibopho se-“force majeure”
⑥Isiqinisekiso sokukhokhwa kwezinkokhelo ezahlukahlukene
⑦ Ibhange elikhiphayo lingangeza amadiphozi noma kunini uma isitifiketi sitholakala
⑧Ibhange elikhiphayo linelungelo lokunquma ngomshwalense wempahla kanye nokwenyusa izinga lomshwalense Imali ekhokhwa ngumfakisicelo;

2. Umhlomuli
Kubhekiselwa kumuntu oshiwo encwadini yesikweleti onelungelo lokusebenzisa incwadi yesikweleti, okungukuthi, umdayisi noma umphakeli wangempela;
Izibopho:
①Ngemva kokuthola incwadi yesikweletu, kufanele uyihlole nenkontileka ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma ingahlangabezani nezidingo, kufanele ucele ibhange elikukhiphayo ukuthi liguqule noma lenqabe ukukwamukela ngokushesha noma ucele umfakisicelo ukuthi ayalele ibhange elikhiphayo ukuthi liguqule incwadi yesikweletu.
②Uma yamukelwe, thumela izimpahla futhi wazise othunyelelwayo. , lungisa wonke amadokhumenti bese uwethula ebhange lezingxoxo ukuze kuxoxiswane ngalo phakathi nesikhathi esishiwo.
③ Yiba nesibopho ngokunemba kwamadokhumenti. Uma engahambisani, kufanele ulandele imiyalelo yokulungiswa kwe-oda lebhange elikhiphayo futhi usethule amadokhumenti ngaphakathi komkhawulo wesikhathi oshiwo encwadini yekhredithi;

3.Ibhange elikhiphayo
Isho ibhange elamukela ukuphathiswa komfakisicelo ukuthi likhiphe incwadi yesikweletu futhi lithathe isibopho sokuqinisekisa inkokhelo;
Izibopho:
①Khipha isitifiketi ngendlela efanele nangesikhathi
② Yiba nesibopho ngenkokhelo yokuqala
Amalungelo:
① Qoqa izimali zokuphatha kanye namadiphozithi
②Yenqaba amadokhumenti angavumelani avela kumzuzi noma ebhange okuxoxiswane ngalo
③Ngemva kwenkokhelo, uma umfakisicelo okhishiwe engakwazi ukukhokha i-oda lokuhlengwa, amadokhumenti nezimpahla zingasetshenzwa;
④Ukushoda kwezimpahla kungafunwa kubhalansi yomfakisicelo wokukhishwa kwesitifiketi;

4. Ibhange lokweluleka
Isho ukuphathiswa ibhange elikhiphile. Ibhange elidlulisela incwadi yesikweletu kumthumeli ngaphandle kuphela liqinisekisa ubuqiniso bencwadi yesikweletu futhi alithathi ezinye izibopho. Yibhange lapho ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kutholakala khona;
Isibopho: isidingo sokufakazela ubuqiniso bencwadi yesikweletu
Amalungelo: Ibhange elidlulisela phambili linesibopho sokudlulisa kuphela

5. Ibhange lokuxoxisana
Kubhekiselwa ebhange elizimisele ukuthenga idokhumentari elingakapheli elinikezwe ohlomulayo, futhi kusekelwe esiqinisekweni senkokhelo yencwadi yebhange elikhipha isikweletu kanye nesicelo sozuzayo, intuthuko noma izaphulelo zohlaka lwedokhumentari olulethwe ohlomulayo ngokuvumelana nezinhlinzeko zencwadi yesikweletu, futhi ihlinzeka ngencwadi yesikweletu nebhange okusuka kulo isaphulelo esinqunyiwe esibizwa ngokuthi ibhange elikhokhayo ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi yibhange elikhokhayo (imali ekhokhwayo) ibhange elilulekayo kukhona ukuxoxisana okulinganiselwe kanye nokuxoxisana kwamahhala)
Izibopho:
①Buyekeza ngokuqinile amadokhumenti
② Okusalungiswa kwedokhumentari okuthuthukisiwe noma kwesaphulelo
③ Qinisekisa incwadi yekhredithi
Amalungelo:
①Kungaxoxiswana noma okungaxoxiswana ngakho
②(impahla) imibhalo ingacutshungulwa ngemva kwezingxoxo
③Ngemva kokuxoxisana, ibhange elikhiphayo liyawa noma linqabe ukukhokha ngezaba zokubuyisela inkokhelo yangaphambili komzuzi.

6. Ibhange elikhokhayo
Ibhekisela ebhange elikhethelwe ukukhokha ngencwadi yesikweletu. Ezimweni eziningi, ibhange elikhokhayo yibhange elikhiphayo;
Ibhange elikhokhela ohlomulayo ngamadokhumenti athobela incwadi yesikweletu (kucatshangelwa ibhange elikhiphile noma elinye ibhange eliphathiswe yilo)
Amalungelo:
①Ilungelo lokukhokha noma lokungakhokhi
②Uma usukhokhiwe, alikho ilungelo lokucela ozozuzayo noma umnikazi wesikweletu;

7. Ibhange eliqinisekisayo
Ibhange elinikezwe ibhange elikhiphile ukuthi liqinisekise incwadi yesikweletu egameni lalo;
Izibopho:
①Engeza "inkokhelo eqinisekisiwe"
②Ukuzinikela okuqinile okungenakuhlehliswa
③Ukuzibophezela ngokuzimela ngencwadi yesikweletu bese ukhokha ivawusha
④Ngemva kokukhokha, ungafuna kuphela ebhange elikhiphile
⑤Uma ibhange elikhiphayo lenqaba ukukhokha noma litshona, alinalungelo lokufaka isicelo kumzuzi.

8.Ukwamukela
Isho ibhange elamukela okusalungiswa okulethwe ngumzuzi futhi futhi liyibhange elikhokhayo

9. Ukubuyisela imali
Isho ibhange (elibuye laziwe ngokuthi yibhange elikhipha imali) eliphathiswe ibhange elikhiphile encwadini yesikweletu ukuthi likhokhele ibhange elixoxisanayo noma ibhange elikhokhayo egameni lebhange elikhiphile.
Amalungelo:
①Khokha kuphela ngaphandle kokubuyekeza amadokhumenti
②Vele ukhokhe ngaphandle kwembuyiselo
③Ibhange elikhiphayo lizobuyisela imali uma lingabuyiselwa