Uyini umehluko phakathi kwencwadi yokulayisha yomnikazi womkhumbi kanye nephepha lokuthutha lasolwandle?
Umthethosivivinywa womthumeli womkhumbi ubhekisela ku-Ocean Bill of Lading (Master B / L, obizwa nangokuthi uBill Bill, u-Sea Bill, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-M Bill) ekhishwe yinkampani yokuthumela.Ingakhishwa kumnikazi we-Direct Cargo (i-Freight Forwer ayikhiphi umthethosivivinywa wokulayisha ngalesi sikhathi), noma inganikezwa umdluliseli wezimpahla.(Ngalesi sikhathi, umdluliseli wezimpahla uthumela umthethosivivinywa wokulayisha kumnikazi oqondile wezimpahla).
Umthethosivivinywa weFreight Porrever of Lading (indlu B / L, ebizwa nangokubizwa nge-sub-bill of lading, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-H Rile), ekhuluma ngokuqinile, kufanele kube ngumkhumbi ongeyena umkhumbi (iChina isiqalile iziqu ezifanele Ukuqinisekiswa ngo-2002, futhi umdluliseli wezimpahla kufanele akwethule ebhange eliqokwe nguMnyango WezokuThutha Idiphozithi okudingeka ukuthi avunyelwe) umthethosivivinywa wokulayisha ungumthethosivivinywa okhishwe yinkonzo yempahla evunyelwe yinkonzo yempahla evunyelwe ngu EzokuThutha futhi zithole i-NVOCC (okungezona i-vessel esebenza ngokujwayelekile) iziqu).Imvamisa inikezwa umnikazi oqondile wezimpahla;Kwesinye isikhathi ontanga basebenzisa umthethosivivinywa wokulayisha, futhi uMthethosivivinywa Wokukhanyiswa unikezwa ontanga uzokhipha uMthethosivivinywa wawo wokulayisha kumnikazi wawo oqondile wezimpahla eziqondile.Kulezi zinsuku, kunemiyalo eminingi yendlu yokuthumela ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eYurophu nase-United States.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi komthethosivivinywa womkhumbi wokulayisha kanye ne-Ocean Bill of Lading yile:
Okuqukethwe amakholomu we-Shipper kanye nama-Continee kuMthethosivivinywa Wokulayisha ahlukile: Umkhumbi womthethosivivinywa we-Freight Preary of Lading ngumthumeli ongumthumeli uqobo (kanye nomnikazi we-conductignee ngokuvamile kugcwalisa ikholomu efanayo ye-Consignment Inothi ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko zencwadi yesikweletu, ngokuvamile Uku-oda;Futhi lapho i-M Order inikezwa i-exporter yangempela, ukugcwaliswa komkhumbi komthumeli, futhi i-consignee igcwalisa inothi lokuthumela ngokuya ngokuqukethwe;Lapho i-M Order inikezwa umpokela wempahla, i-Shipper Fills ku-Freight Forwar, futhi i-Consignee igcwalisa i-ejenti yempahla ethekwini lapho uya khona.abantu.
Izinqubo zokushintshana kwama-oda ethekwini lapho uya khona zihlukile: Uma nje ubamba i-M Order, ungaya ngqo kwi-ejensi yokuthumela echwebeni lapho uya khona ukushintshana ngokulayisha.Inqubo ilula futhi iyashesha, futhi izindleko zihleliwe futhi zishibhile;Ngenkathi umnikazi we-H Order kufanele aye phambili ekudluliseleni izimpahla echwebeni lapho uya khona ukuyoshintshana.Kuphela nge-M Order kuphela ongayithola ngebhange lokulayisha futhi udlule kumasiko nezinqubo zokukhetha.Izindleko zokushintsha ama-oda zibiza kakhulu futhi azilungisiwe, futhi zinqunywa ngokuphelele yi-Freight Forwer ethekwini lapho uya khona.
③I-MI BIL, njengolwandle lwaseLwandle, iyisitifiketi esiyisisekelo esiyisisekelo neqiniso.Inkampani yokuthumela izoletha izimpahla ku-conpignee ekhonjiswe ku-M M Bill endaweni lapho uya khona.Uma umthumeli ethola i-H Order, kusho ukuthi ukulawulwa kwangempela kwezimpahla ezithunyelwayo kusezandleni zomthumeli wezimpahla (ngalesi sikhathi, umsizi we-M Order ngumenzeli wePort's Porreper's Depliver Thirt)Uma inkampani edlulayo yezimpahla ihamba nge-bankrupt, i-exporter (ongenisa impahla ezweni) izokwenza ukuthi umthengisi) ngeke akwazi ukuthatha izimpahla enkampanini yokuthumela nge-H-Bill.
④forfor Impahla ephelele, womabili ama-oda we-M ne-H angakhishwa, ngenkathi izimpahla ze-LCL, kuphela ama-oda angakhishwa.Ngoba inkampani yokuthumela ngeke isize umnikazi wezimpahla ihlanganise iziqukathi, futhi ngeke isize umnikazi wezimpahla ahlukanise izimpahla ethekwini lapho uya khona.
⑤Inombolo ye-B/L yedokhumenti evamile yokudlulisela impahla ayifaki isistimu yokuphathwa kwe-manifest yempahla, futhi ihlukile kunombolo yomthwalo wempahla esimemezelweni sokungenisa;Inombolo ye-B / l yomnikazi wezimpahla inegama nendlela yokuxhumana yenkampani yokufaka esikhundleni, kepha inkampani yokuxhumana akuyona izinkampani zokuthumela eziphakeme njengama-ejenti angaphandle noma ama-sinotrans.
Inqubo ye-BL ne-HBL:
①Sshipper ithumela inothi lokuthumela izimpahla ku-Freover, okukhombisa ukuthi ngabe kuyibhokisi eligcwele noma i-LCL;
Izincwadi zezincwadi ②Ngemuva kokuthi umkhumbi usebhodini, inkampani yokuthumela ikhipha ama-MBL aya phambili.I-MBL's Shipper isidlulile ethekwini lokuhamba, kanti i-CNEE imvamisa igatsha noma i-ejenti yangaphambili ethekwini lapho uya khona;
③Befiki izimpawu ze-Hbl to Shipper, i-Hal's Shipper ngumnikazi wangempela wezimpahla, futhi i-CNEE imvamisa yenza incwadi yesikweletu ukuze i-oda;
④Inkampani yenethiwekhi ihambisa izimpahla ethekwini lapho umkhumbi usuhamba;
⑤Bethirler uthumela i-MBL egatsheni eliya echwebeni eliya kulo i-DHL / UPS / TNT, njll. (Kufaka phakathi: Amadokhumenti okususelwa ngokwezifiso)
⑥ ⑥ ⑥forter Shipper uthola inkokhelo yokulayisha, uzoletha umthethosivivinywa ebhange lokuxoxisana wasekhaya futhi axazulule ukushintshana ngaphakathi kwesikhathi sesethulo senkonzo.Uma i-T / T Shipper ithumela amadokhumenti ngqo kumakhasimende angaphandle;
⑦Ibhange lokuxoxisana lizoxazulula ukushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe ngebhange elikhipha ngesethi ephelele yemibhalo;
⑧ConSignee ukhokha i-oda lokuhlenga ebhange elikhipha;
⑨Umdlulisela echwebeni lapho uya khona uthatha i-MBL enhlanganweni yokuthumela ukushintshanisa i-oda ukuze athathe izimpahla namasiko acacile;
⑩Umthengi uthatha i-HBL ukuyolanda izimpahla ku-Forwarder.
Umehluko ongelona iqiniso phakathi komthethosivivinywa wezimpahla wokulayisha kanye nomthethosivivinywa womkhumbi wokulayisha: kusuka ekhanda, ungasho ukuthi kungumphathi noma umbhikisho odlulayo wokulayisha.Ungayitshela inkampani enkulu yokuthumela shazi.Njengo-EIS, PonL, IZim, YML, njll.
Umehluko phakathi komthethosivivinywa womkhumbi womkhumbi we-lading kanye nokuhamba kwezimpahla wokulayisha usekelwe ikakhulu kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
① Uma kungekho okuhlinzekwayo okukhethekile encwadini yesikweletu, i-B / L / L / L) yokulayisha akwemukelekile.
② Umehluko phakathi komthethosivivinywa wezimpahla wokulayisha kanye nomthethosivivinywa womkhumbi wokulayisha usenkingeni nasekusayineni
Umkhiphi nesiginesha yebhili yomthwalo yomnikazi womkhumbi, i-ISBP ne-UCP600 ikubeka ngokusobala ukuthi isayinwe futhi ikhishwe inkampani yenethiwekhi, ukaputeni noma i-ejenti yabo eqanjwe igama, futhi unhlokweni wayo yigama lenkampani yemikhumbi.Ezinye izinkampani ezinkulu zemikhumbi zingayazi ngokubuka nje, njenge-EISU, i-PONL, i-ZIM, i-YML, njll. Isikweletu somthumeli wempahla sidinga kuphela ukukhishwa egameni lomthumeli wempahla, futhi akudingeki ukuba sibonise igama. yenkampani yenethiwekhi, futhi ayidingi ukukhombisa ukuthi ingumthwali noma i-ejenti kakaputeni.
Okokugcina, kukhona futhi umthethosivivinywa womthwalo ojwayelekile womthumeli wempahla, okuwumthethosivivinywa wokuthutha ojwayelekile womthumeli wempahla.Inqobo nje uma bene-ejenti echwebeni lapho kuyiwa khona noma beboleka i-ejenti, bangasayina lolu hlobo lomthwalo wemfanelo.Empeleni, ayikho imithetho eqinile yalolu hlobo lomthwalo wemfanelo.Njengoba Kukhona izitembu Zenkampani Yenethiwekhi noma Njenge-ejenti.Abanye abathumeli bempahla abamisiwe.Ukubuyisela emuva noma ukuboleka kusengaphambilini kungenzeka.Kungenzeka ukuthi idatha yenziwe amanga.Abantu abakhohliseka kalula nabo banazo izikweletu zokuthutha.Abukho ubufakazi obuzobhekwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-24-2023
